This paper explores the conditions that make peer support work in mental health settings, drawing on implementation research, programme evaluations, and a 2024 umbrella review. It explains key research methods including qualitative research, implementation science, and process evaluation, and summarises the evidence on what helps and hinders peer support working in practice. Whether you are developing peer worker roles for the first time, working in a voluntary or statutory setting, or looking to strengthen existing peer support programmes, this guide offers practical, evidence-based guidance on getting the conditions right.

The first publication in a new Demystifying Research series from Imroc.  Starting with a topic that we know from feedback that many people involved with Imroc are interested in, which is research related to peer support.  Our starting point is a deceptively simple question with a less than simple answer. “Does peer support work?” In unpicking this question we introduce and explain various research terms in a way which is understandable and accessible. All technical research terms are underlined and link to our RESEARCH JARGON BUSTER which will grow as we explore more questions and methods.